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Last 30 daysNo qualifying insider buying. No qualifying insider sales.
124 trades · April 1, 2026 – October 1, 2026Incomplete history: this shows the filings imported so far, not every filing ever made. Dates are trade dates. Filters affect this table only.
Showing the first 6 of 124 trades on this page.
Award disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
Interim CFO and VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Beatriz R. Perez
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$13.09K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$6.55K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Gift disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Award disclosed
Lucas E. Watson
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$15.71K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Susan Slavik Williams
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$5.24K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Ernest Scott Santi
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$26.19K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$83.81K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Gift disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Award disclosed
Cindy J. Miller
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$1.31K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Christopher J. Klein
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$2.62K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$5.24K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Gift disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Award disclosed
George S. Davis
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$2.62K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Rodney C. Adkins
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$15.71K
Reported price
$1,309.49 / derivative unit
Gift disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Award disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$7.41K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Gift disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Award disclosed
Lucas E. Watson
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$14.81K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Susan Slavik Williams
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$6.17K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Ernest Scott Santi
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$25.92K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$82.69K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Cindy J. Miller
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$1.23K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Christopher J. Klein
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$1.23K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$3.7K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Gift disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Award disclosed
George S. Davis
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$3.7K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Rodney C. Adkins
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$14.81K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Beatriz R. Perez
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$13.58K
Reported price
$1,234.24 / derivative unit
Sale disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Reported value
$295.4K
Reported price
$1,230.82 / share
Sale disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Reported value
$12.32K
Reported price
$1,231.52 / share
Sale disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Reported value
$24.68K
Reported price
$1,233.76 / share
Sale disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Reported value
$24.69K
Reported price
$1,234.70 / share
Sale disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Reported value
$28.44K
Reported price
$1,236.43 / share
Sale disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Reported value
$430.31K
Reported price
$1,229.45 / share
Sale disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Reported value
$98.41K
Reported price
$1,230.16 / share
Sale disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Reported value
$136.71K
Reported price
$1,231.65 / share
Sale disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Reported value
$287.22K
Reported price
$1,232.70 / share
Sale disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Reported value
$98.67K
Reported price
$1,233.43 / share
Sale disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Reported value
$469.74K
Reported price
$1,229.68 / share
Sale disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Reported value
$304.25K
Reported price
$1,231.78 / share
Sale disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Reported value
$432.78K
Reported price
$1,232.98 / share
Sale disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Reported value
$439.26K
Reported price
$1,233.89 / share
Sale disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Reported value
$149.42K
Reported price
$1,234.89 / share
Gift disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Gift disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Not a purchase
Reported price
Gift · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this gift. It does not establish the market value of the gift.
Tax or exercise withholding
Melanie J. Tinto
SVP & Chief HR Officer
Common Stock
Value context
$126.59K
Reported price
$1,161.35 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Melanie J. Tinto
SVP & Chief HR Officer
Common Stock
Value context
$479.64K
Reported price
$1,161.35 / share
Award disclosed
Susan Slavik Williams
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Susan Slavik Williams
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$129.94K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Steven Andrew White
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$129.94K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Lucas E. Watson
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Lucas E. Watson
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$129.94K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Ernest Scott Santi
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Beatriz R. Perez
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Beatriz R. Perez
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$80.05K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Neil S. Novich
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$129.94K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Cindy J. Miller
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Christopher J. Klein
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Katherine D. Jaspon
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$129.94K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
George S. Davis
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
George S. Davis
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
$164.74K
Reported price
$1,160.14 / derivative unit
Award disclosed
Rodney C. Adkins
Director
Deferred Stock Units
Derivative security · not the ordinary share price.
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Value context
$620.67K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Value context
$237.8K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Value context
$178.89K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Value context
$219.25K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$87.78K
Reported price
$1,097.27 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$44.09K
Reported price
$1,102.26 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$44.31K
Reported price
$1,107.77 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$44.4K
Reported price
$1,110.08 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$311.47K
Reported price
$1,112.41 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$133.67K
Reported price
$1,113.93 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$267.7K
Reported price
$1,115.43 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$142.95K
Reported price
$1,116.81 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$312.99K
Reported price
$1,117.83 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$178.98K
Reported price
$1,118.61 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$44.79K
Reported price
$1,119.73 / share
Sale disclosed
Deidra C. Merriwether
Sr. VP & CFO
Common Stock
Reported value
$44.9K
Reported price
$1,122.39 / share
Award disclosed
Melanie J. Tinto
SVP & Chief HR Officer
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Award disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
$48K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
$18.54K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
$13.09K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
$53.45K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Laurie R. Thomson
VP, Controller
Common Stock
Value context
$13.09K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Value context
$596.67K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Value context
$237.8K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Value context
$170.17K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Paige K. Robbins
Sr. VP
Common Stock
Value context
$181.07K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Donald G. Macpherson
Chairman and CEO
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Donald G. Macpherson
Chairman and CEO
Common Stock
Value context
$2.56M
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Donald G. Macpherson
Chairman and CEO
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Donald G. Macpherson
Chairman and CEO
Common Stock
Value context
$632.67K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Donald G. Macpherson
Chairman and CEO
Common Stock
Value context
$501.77K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Donald G. Macpherson
Chairman and CEO
Common Stock
Value context
$559.59K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Value context
$161.44K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Value context
$89.45K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Value context
$66.54K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Tax or exercise withholding
Jonny M. LeRoy
SVP, Chief Technology Officer
Common Stock
Value context
$74.18K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Krantz Nancy L. Berardinelli
Sr. VP & CLO
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
Tax or exercise withholding
Krantz Nancy L. Berardinelli
Sr. VP & CLO
Common Stock
Value context
$417.78K
Reported price
$1,090.81 / share
Award disclosed
Krantz Nancy L. Berardinelli
Sr. VP & CLO
Common Stock
Value context
Non-cash award
Reported price
Award · no purchase price
Understand this price
The filing reports a zero transaction price for this award. It does not mean the awarded securities have no market value.
$1,001 – $15,000Reported range; exact amount not disclosed.
Trade date
July 13, 2026
Why this buying score?
No qualifying common-equity purchases
No eligible common-equity purchase is public by this cutoff within 180 transaction-date days. Other instruments, exercises and routine activity do not contribute purchase points.
+0 pts
This score describes qualifying insider purchases at issuer level. Read the methodology
Sources and coverage
Limited filing history · Market-wide discovery does not establish complete company history. View coverage
Source
SEC EDGAR · Form 4
Issuer CIK
0000277135
Latest public acceptance
Oct 2, 2026, 09:01 PM UTC
Score calculated
Oct 8, 2026, 12:03 AM UTC
Parser
form4-parser-1.5
Classifier
form4-classifier-1.1
Scoring methodology
insider-experimental-1.1
Availability
Public filing time, not trade date
Open a transaction's SEC filing for the primary evidence. A code P may describe an open-market or private purchase; classification is not proof of intent.
Insider activity can have many explanations. Signal Strength is not a probability of profit or a recommendation to trade.