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THE RESEARCH FIELD GUIDE

Make the filing make sense.

Understand what changed hands, when it was disclosed, and which prices you can compare.

01Read the transaction type02Match the security03Check the dates
11 concepts to help you read the evidenceOpen a card for an example.Calculation and classification details included.
SEC code PA purchaseA reported purchase in the open market or a private transaction.

Start with the security name, price and footnotes. VestCue only gives purchase points to transactions that also pass its security and context checks. Code P by itself does not explain the buyer’s motive.

For example

A purchase of preferred shares cannot be compared directly with the common-share ticker price.

The P code can apply to non-derivative or derivative securities. In this app, awards, derivatives and other excluded security types do not earn common-equity purchase points.

SEC Form 4 instructions
SEC code SA saleA reported sale in the open market or a private transaction.

Sales are shown separately from purchases. A sale alone does not tell us why someone sold, what they still own, or whether they expect the price to fall.

For example

One person can report an option exercise and a separate sale in the same filing. Read each row’s code.

An acquired/disposed marker describes the direction of ownership. A disposition is not automatically an S-coded sale; gifts, withholding and conversions have different meanings.

SEC Form 4 instructions
SEC code MAn option exercise or conversionUsing an existing derivative right to receive or convert a security.

An exercise price comes from the instrument’s terms. It can be far below the current share price. VestCue keeps exercises separate from purchases and does not give them purchase points.

For example

An exercise at $20 while common shares trade at $60 does not establish a new $20 open-market stock purchase.

M covers derivative exercises or conversions exempt under Rule 16b-3. A filing may show both the derivative change and the shares received. VestCue avoids counting that as two stock purchases.

SEC Form 4 instructions
Match the instrumentThe security behind the tickerOne company can have common shares, preferred shares, options and other securities.

The security title tells you what changed hands. A familiar company name does not make every row comparable with its common-stock quote. Check named classes and series before comparing prices.

For example

“Common Stock” and “5.95% Preferred Stock” are different securities even if the issuer is the same.

Form 4 separates non-derivative and derivative tables. VestCue withholds price-change estimates for named classes, derivatives, preferred securities and ambiguous listing matches until the comparison can be supported.

SEC guide to insider reports
Three different momentsTrade date, filing date, available dateWhen a trade happened is different from when its report became available.

The trade date describes the reported transaction. The filing date describes submission of the report. The available date records when the information could be used by the app. Keep all three in mind when reading a timeline.

For example

A Monday trade can appear in a later filing. Its price comparison starts from the reported purchase; its disclosure arrives later.

VestCue uses source availability when supported. Where a public posting time is not established, first observed retrieval provides a conservative availability timestamp. A selected People timeframe uses transaction dates.

SEC guide to insider reports
Congressional reportsA disclosed value rangeA reported band gives an amount range, not an exact trade value.

Congressional disclosures use value categories. VestCue preserves the reported lower and upper bounds. Those bounds do not establish the execution price, number of shares or investment return.

For example

A $15,001–$50,000 transaction could be anywhere in that band. Its midpoint is not a known purchase amount.

Open-ended bands remain open-ended. The app does not turn them into precise dollar totals, share quantities or a public official’s performance estimate.

House financial disclosure guidance
Look at the ownerWho owns the reported asset?A person’s disclosure can include a spouse, dependent or joint account.

Read the owner field beside the transaction before attributing it to an individual account. A profile groups disclosed activity under the reporting person; it does not establish who made each investment decision.

For example

A row marked “spouse” stays attributed to that reported owner on the member’s disclosure profile.

The original report remains the source for ownership and footnotes. Unclear ownership stays unknown; a profile photograph does not resolve it.

House guidance on disclosure consistency
Check the timestampSaved close vs. live priceThe price strip shows a dated saved daily close, not a streaming quote.

The date beside the price tells you which completed session it represents. The market may have moved since then. Missing or unsupported prices show a status instead of being treated as zero.

For example

A price dated Friday remains Friday’s saved close while you read the page on Saturday.

Private research prices are imported as daily history through the configured worker. Requests are queued and cached, so opening a page does not imply an immediate fresh market quote.

VestCue data sources
A conditional comparison“Est. if held” price changeHow the original purchased quantity would have changed in value at the saved close.

This comparison assumes the original shares were kept. It does not confirm current holdings or actual profit. Later sales, dividends, fees, taxes and corporate actions can change the real outcome.

For example

100 shares bought at $10 compared with a saved close of $11 gives +10% and an estimated +$100 if those shares were held.

Percent = (saved close ÷ purchase price − 1) × 100. Dollar estimate = (saved close − purchase price) × purchased shares. Ineligible securities, stale prices or inconsistent history cause the app to withhold the estimate.

VestCue comparison methodology
Coverage mattersEmpty results and incomplete historyNo matching records in the app does not prove that no trading occurred.

Imported reports, searchable companies and available price history cover different things. An empty period can reflect unfinished imports, unsupported sources or the filters you selected.

For example

Choosing five years changes the date window. It does not create five years of disclosure history.

People totals, charts and asset counts use all imported rows in the selected timeframe, independently of table pagination. Executive and Senate coverage remain explicitly unavailable where those sources are not connected.

VestCue coverage and sources
Read the inputsThe experimental issuer scoreA summary of the app’s selected company evidence and its published weights.

The score helps organize research. It is not a probability of a price rise, a performance result or a rating of a public official. Check the underlying transactions and coverage alongside the number.

For example

Two companies can have similar scores while one has much less imported evidence. Their coverage labels help explain that difference.

The insider component considers eligible common-equity purchases and related factors. The combined model uses available insider, technical and congressional evidence; missing components are omitted from the denominator. Weights are experimental.

VestCue scoring methodology

Definitions explain the evidence shown in Whale Atlas. Original filings remain linked beside the transactions.

Scoring methodologyData coverage